Herniated or bulging discs: The discs in the spine act as shock absorbers and allow for flexibility and movement. When a disc bulges or herniates, it can put pressure on the nerve root.
Spinal stenosis: Spinal stenosis occurs when the spinal canal narrows, putting pressure on the nerves that run through it.
Spondylolisthesis: Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward onto the vertebra below it, causing pressure on the nerve roots.